English Language Teacher Educator Interactional Styles: Heterogeneity and Homogeneity in the ELTE Classroom

Main Article Content

Edgar Lucero
Jeesica Scalante-Morales

Abstract

This article presents a research study on the interactional styles of teacher educators in the English language teacher education classroom. Two research methodologies, ethnomethodological conversation analysis and self-evaluation of teacher talk were applied to analyze 34 content- and language-based classes of nine English language teacher educators of three undergraduate English language teacher education programs in Bogotá, Colombia. Findings show that English language teacher educators’ interactional styles are a mixture of both individual (heterogeneous interactional styles) and common (homogeneous interactional styles) social acts, which are represented by the interactional forms and patterns that these teacher educators display in the classrooms.

Article Details

How to Cite
Lucero, E., & Scalante-Morales, J. (2018). English Language Teacher Educator Interactional Styles: Heterogeneity and Homogeneity in the ELTE Classroom. HOW, 25(1), 11–31. https://doi.org/10.19183/how.25.1.358
Section
Research Reports
Author Biographies

Edgar Lucero, Universidad de La Salle

Edgar Lucero is a full-time teacher in the BA program in Spanish, English, and French of Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia. He works in the curricular areas of didactics, research, and pedagogical practicum. He is currently doing his doctoral studies in education, ELT emphasis, at Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Colombia.

Jeesica Scalante-Morales, Universidad de La Salle

Jeesica Scalante-Morales is an in-service teacher graduated from the BA program in Spanish, English, and French of Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia. She teaches English language for adults and children. Her research interests are in-classroom interaction and its connection with English teaching didactics.

References

Allwright, D. (1984). Observation in the language classroom. New York, US: Longman.

Álvarez, J. A. (2008). Instructional sequences of English language teachers: An attempt to describe them. HOW, 15(1), 29-48.

Antaki, A. (Ed.). (2011). Applied conversation analysis: Intervention and change in institutional talk. London, UK: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230316874.

Antaki, C., & Widdicombe, S. (Eds.) (1998). Identities in talk. London, UK: Sage Publications.

Bell, A. (1984). Language style as audience design. Language in Society, 13(2), 145-204. https://doi.org/10.1017/S004740450001037X.

Bennet, N. (1976). Teaching styles and pupil progress. Cambridge, US: Harvard University Press.

Brown, H. D. (2007). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy (3rd ed.). New York, US: Pearson Longman.

Bucholtz, M., & Hall, K. (2005). Identity and interaction: a sociocultural linguistic approach. Discourse Studies, 7(4-5), 585-614. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445605054407.

Cameron, D. (2001). Working with spoken discourse. London, UK: Sage Publications.

Cashman, H. R. (2005). Identities at play: Language preference and group membership in bilingual talk in interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, 37(3), 301-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2004.10.004.

Castiblanco, S. (2016). Interactional architecture in TEFL classes (Unpublished undergraduate monograph). Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia.

Cazden, C. (1986). Classroom discourse. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed., pp. 432-463). New York, US: MacMillan.

Cazden, C. B. (1988). Classroom discourse: The language of teaching and learning (1st ed.). Portsmouth, US: Heinemann.

Cazden, C. B. (2001). Classroom discourse: The language of teaching and learning (2nd ed.). Portsmouth, US: Heinemann.

Coupland, N. (1980). Style-shifting in a Cardiff work-setting. Language in Society, 9(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500007752.

den Brok, P., Levy, J., Brekelmans, M., & Wubbels, T. (2005). The effect of teacher interpersonal behavior on students’ subject-specific motivation. Journal of Classroom Interaction, 40(2), 20-33.

Ellis, R. (1994). The study of second language acquisition. New York, US: Oxford University Press.

Ellis, R., & Sheen, Y. (2006). Reexamining the role of recast in second language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 28(4), 575-600. https://doi.org/10.1017/S027226310606027X.

Garton, S. (2002). Learner initiative in the language classroom. ELT Journal, 56(1), 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/56.1.47.

Gibbons, P. (2006). Bridging discourses in the ESL classroom: Students, teachers and researchers. London, UK: Continuum Editorial.

Grasha, A. F. (1994). A matter of style: The teacher as expert, formal authority, personal model, facilitator, and delegator. College Teaching, 42(4), 142-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.1994.9926845.

Grasha. A. F. (2002). The dynamics of one-on-one teaching. College Teaching, 50(4), 139-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567550209595895.

Heimlich, J. E., & Norland, E. (1994). Developing teaching style in adult education. San Francisco, US: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Hua, Z., Seedhouse, P., Wei, L., & Cook, V. (Eds.) (2007). Language learning and teaching in social inter-action. London, UK: Palgrave MacMillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230591240.

Huth, T. (2006). Negotiating structure and culture: L2 learners’ realization of L2 compliment-response sequences in talk-in-interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, 38(12), 2025-2050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.04.010.

Johnson, K. E. (1995). Understanding communication in second language classrooms. New York, US: Cambridge University Press.

Kurhila, S. (2006). Second language interaction. Amsterdam, NL: John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.145.

Larsen-Freeman, D. (2002). Techniques and principles in language teaching. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Long, H. M., & Sato, C. (1983). Classroom foreigner talk discourse: Forms and functions of teachers’ questions. In H. W. Seliger & M. H. Long (Eds.), Classroom oriented research in second language acquisition (pp. 268-286). Cambridge, UK: Newbury House Publishers.

Lucero, E. (2011). Code switching to know a TL equivalent of an L1 word: Request-provision-acknowledgement (RPA) sequence. HOW, 18(1), 58-72.

Lucero, E. (2012). Asking about content and adding content: Two patterns of classroom interaction. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 14(1), 28-44. https://doi.org/10.14483/22487085.3811.

Lucero, E. (2015). Doing research on classroom interaction: Approaches, studies, and reasons. In W. Escobar & H. Castañeda-Peña (Eds.), Studies in discourse analysis in the Colombian context (pp. 83-113). Bogota, CO: Editorial El Bosque.

Lucero, E., & Rouse, M. E. (2017). Classroom interaction in ELTE undergraduate programs: Characteristics and pedagogical implications. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 19(1), 193-208.https://doi.org/10.14483/22487085.10801.

Lyster, R. (1998). Recasts, repetition, and ambiguity in L2 classroom discourse. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 51-81.

Markee, N. P. (1995). Teachers’ answers to students’ questions: Problematizing the issue of making meaning. Issues in Applied Linguistics, 6(2), 63-92.

Oxford, R., Tomlinson, S., Barcelos, A., Harrington, C., Lavine, R. Z., Saleh, A., & Longhini, A. (1998). Clashing metaphors about classroom teachers: Toward a systematic typology for language teaching field. System, 26(1), 3-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(97)00071-7.

Pianta, R. C. (1999). Enhancing relationships: Between children and teachers. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10314-000.

Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2014). Approaches and methods in language teaching (3rd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Schegloff, E. A. (1997). Third turn repair. In G. R. Guy, C. Feagin, D. Schiffrin, & J. Baugh (Eds.), Towards a social science of language: Social interaction and discourse structures (Vol. 2, pp. 31-40). Amsterdam, NL: John Benjamins Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.128.05sch.

Schegloff, E. A. (2000). When others initiate repair. Applied Linguistics, 21(2), 205-243. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/21.2.205.

Schegloff, E. A., Koshik, I., Jacoby, S., & Olsher, D. (2002). Conversation analysis and applied linguistics. American Review of Applied Linguistics, 22, 3-31. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190502000016.

Scovel, T. (2001). Learning new languages: A guide to second language acquisition. New York, US: Cengage Learning.

Seedhouse, P. (2004). The interactional architecture of the second language classroom: A conversational analysis perspective. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

Sinclair, J. M., & Coulthard, R. M. (1975). Towards an analysis of discourse: The English used by teachers and pupils. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Tracy, K., & Robles, J. S. (2013). Everyday talk: Building and reflecting identities (2nd ed.). New York, US: The Guilford Press.

Ur, P. (2013). A course in English language teaching (3rd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Van Lier, L. (1988). The classroom and the language learner. New York, US: Longman.

Walsh, S. (2011). Exploring classroom discourse: Language in action. New York, US: Routledge.

Young, R. (2008). Language and interaction: An advanced resource book. New York, US: Routledge.